Building climate change resilience through water management and ecosystems. Resilience is an emergent ecosystem property resilience of a forest is a function of biodiversity at all scales. Ecological resilience, biodiversity, and scale garry d. The contribution of ecosystem services to human resilience. Protecting and enhancing the resilience of ecosystems u. In addition, as ecosystems pass tipping points to new domains, their capacity to deliver ecosystem services important to people may change. Quantifying resilience of multiple ecosystem services and.
Active adaptive management and governance of resilience will be required to sustain desired ecosystem states and transform degraded ecosystems into fundamentally new and more desirable configurations. Resilience and shifts in agroecosystems facing increasing. Resilience and regime shifts in a marine biodiversity. Understanding regime shifts has profound implications for ecosystem recovery and management.
The relationship between forest biodiversity, ecosystem. We envisage that our findings will contribute towards an ecosystem approach to fisheries management in the mediterranean sea, and promote. Pdf regime shifts, resilience and biodiversity in ecosystem. Cbd biodiversity and ecosystem services november 2015 biodiversity and ecosystem services. Introduction the concept of resilience in ecological systems was introduced by c. Abstract ecologists have made great strides in developing criteria for describing the resilience of an ecological system. Regime shifts, resilience and biodiversity in ecosystem. Ecological resilience refers to the ability of an ecosystem to maintain key functions and processes in the face of stresses or pressures, by resisting and then adapting to change. Regime shifts in ecosystems are increasingly common as a consequence of human activities that erode resilience, for example, through resource exploitation, pollution, landuse change, possible climatic impact and altered disturbance regimes. Human activities that adversely affect ecosystem resilience such as reduction of biodiversity, exploitation of natural resources, pollution, land use, and anthropogenic climate change are increasingly causing regime shifts in ecosystems, often to less desirable and degraded conditions. Trends in this index also provide a sentinel of both abrupt and gradual transitions in ecosystems. Active adaptive management and governance of resilience will be required to sustain desired ecosystem states and transform degraded ecosystems into. Yet, information about this coastal ecosystem change from a dynamics perspective is quite limited.
Regime shifts, resilience, and biodiversity in ecosystem. Consider the ways in which monmouthshire county council can influence biodiversity and ecosystem resilience when exercising its functions as a public authority. Ecosystem services, ecosystem resilience, and resilience of ecosystem management policy, in socialecological resilience and law 204 columbia university press, ahjond s. The contribution of ecosystem services to human resilience iii summary ecosystem services es are the benefits provided by ecosystems that contribute to making human life possible and worth living ma, 2005. The role of biodiversity and ecosystem services in carbon. Regime shifts, resilience, and biodiversity in ecosystem management. Resilience and regime shifts in a marine biodiversity hotspot. This program is led by the international water management institute iwmi, a member. Bullock1 the composition of species communities is changing rapidly through drivers such as habitat loss and climate change, with potentially serious consequences for the resilience of. Biodiversity and resilience of ecosystem functions. These include regeneration of coastal ecosystems, agronomic measures, upstream flow control and shifts in agroecosystems. We hope that it will inspire further learning, and the further application of ecosystembased responses to climate change. Walker and marten scheffer and thomas elmqvist and lance gunderson and crawford s.
Resilience and ecosystem services an ecosystem services. Resilience is a key underpinning principle of biodiversity strategies at all levels of government. The concept of es and the benefits these flows bring to humans is a burgeoning area of research. Ecosystems are subject to natural disturbances such as fires, floods, droughts, and disease outbreaks, as well as human. Allen eds, 2014, vanderbilt public law research paper no. As climate changes, droughts, floods, melting glaciers, storms and sealevel rise intensify or alter, often with severe consequences. Overview of resilience of biodiversity australia state. The evidence reveals that the likelihood of regime shifts may increase when humans reduce resilience by such actions as removing response diversity, removing whole functional groups of species.
Regime shifts a global challenge for the sustainable use of our. Pdf regime shifts, resilience, and biodiversity in. Pdf regime shifts, resilience, and biodiversity in ecosystem. Climate change manifests itself primarily through changes in the water cycle. Carl folke, steve carpenter, brian walker, marten scheffer, thomas elmqvist, lance gunderson and c. Chinas coastal ecosystems have experienced substantial deterioration within the past decades, at a scale and speed the world has never seen before. A regime is a persistent organization of mutually reinforcing structures and processes. Regime shifts, resilience and biodiversity in ecosystem management. At present, the development of engineered infrastructures is favoured whereas complementary or alternative solutions to increase the resilience of socialecological systems with respect to salinity intrusion exist. Biodiversity, ecosystem thresholds, resilience and forest degradation.
Protecting and enhancing the resilience of ecosystems the u. While these changes are often gradual, in some cases they can lead to regime shifts. Biodiversity increases the resistance of ecosystem. Ecosystem services, ecosystem resilience, and resilience. To aid environmental management in the face of conflicting landuse pressures, there is an urgent need to quantify and predict the spatial and temporal distribution of ecosystem functions and services. Legitimacy, adaptation, and resilience in ecosystem management.
Perspectives for ecosystem management based on ecosystem resilience and ecological thresholds against multiple and stochastic disturbances. Commission members established the iucn cem resilience thematic group to clarify the concept of resilience with respect to simple and complex systems in operational terms, and to demonstrate the value of tools for resiliencebased natural resource stewardship, disaster risk reduction and ecosystembased adaptation. Operationalising resilience for ecosystem management. Ecosystem services and resilience esr is a crosscutting core theme within wle that focuses on the role of ecosystem service based approaches in building community resilience and helping wle achieve its development outcomes. Regime shifts and panarchies in regional scale socialecological water. Trustbuilding, knowledge generation and organizational innovations. For the management of ecosystem resilience to maintain target ecosystem functions and services in a given ecosystem, it is therefore critical to explore underlying factors that determine response. Firm size diversity, functional richness and resilience. Biodiversity is important not only for the variety of beautiful and interesting species it offers us, but it is also very important and vital to the stability of an ecosystem and our entire planet.
Human action is transforming the biota, chemistry and temperature of the worlds oceans at unprecedented rates. Regime shifts and resilience in chinas coastal ecosystems. Below we further frame these issues for forest aquatic ecosystems. Under the pulse set scenarios, we explored the resilience of nine ecosystem services and four biodiversity measures following a oneoff disturbance applied to an increasing percentage of forest area. To aid 47 environmental management in the face of conflicting land use pressures, there is an urgent 48 need to quantify and predict the spatial and temporal distribution of ecosystem. Regime shifts, resilience, and biodiversity in ecosystem management authors. We hope that a focus on resilience rather than shortterm delivery of ecosystem functions and services, and the consideration of specific underpinning mechanisms, will help to join the research areas of biodiversityecosystem function and ecological resilience and ultimately aid the development of evidencebased yet flexible ecosystem management. Finally, the paper concludes that management of biodiversity and natural ecosystem has great role in reducing the greenhouse gas from the atmosphere to mitigate climate change. Perspectives for ecosystem management based on ecosystem. Biodiversity and resilience of ecosystem functions tom 2 h. However, the definition of resilience in most strategies and policies is still relatively ambiguous, and needs to be more clearly quantified and articulated so that the success of these strategies can be measured.
The approach exemplified here for the mediterranean sea, revealing previously unknown resilience dynamics driven by climate forcing, can elucidate resilience and shifts in. Declining resilience of ecosystem functions under biodiversity loss tom h. This chapter addresses resilience and its relationship to ecosystem services. Biodiversity underpins most forest eco system goods and. Resilience and regime shifts in a marine biodiversity hotspot nature. Consider the state of biodiversity and ecosystem resilience of monmouthshire and identify relevant habitats and species of principal importance for nature conservation. Much ecosystem monitoring and management is focused on the provision of ecosystem functions and services under current environmental conditions, yet this could lead to inappropriate management guidance and undervaluation of the importance of biodiversity. Chapter 2 introduced the concept of ecosystem services and outlined an ecosystem services approach to damage assessment for events such as the deepwater horizon dwh oil spill. In addition, expansion of that effort to socialecological systems has begun the process of identifying changes to the social system necessary to foster resilience in an ecological system such as the use of adaptive management and integrated ecosystem management. Biodiversity stabilizes ecosystem productivity over time9,1423. Our models demonstrate that positive biodiversity effects become more critical with a higher level of sedimentation stress, and show that effective ecosystem management for resilience requires. Background to ecosystem resilience resilience is a term widely used across the public and private sectors.
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